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- VIDEO, Page 98TV News Goes Hollywood
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- Re-enactments are turning journalists into moviemakers
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- By Richard Zoglin
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- The time is the late 1940s, the place Montgomery. James
- Earl Jones, portraying civil rights pioneer Vernon Johns, walks
- into an all-white diner, plops himself onto a stool and orders
- lunch. When the proprietor scornfully pours a Coke all over the
- counter, Jones erupts. "There's something inside of me," he
- growls, grabbing the man by the lapels, "that doesn't like to
- be pushed around!"
-
- It is perhaps the archetypal scene of the early civil
- rights struggle. Yet this particular restaging of it was a
- breakthrough for a quite different reason. It appeared not in
- a TV movie or a PBS docudrama but on a network news show.
-
- Dramatized "re-creations" of real-life events are suddenly
- everywhere. Tabloid shows like A Current Affair, Fox's
- America's Most Wanted and NBC's Unsolved Mysteries use them to
- re-enact just about everything from grisly murders to purported
- UFO sightings. Now the technique has entered a region some
- thought sacrosanct. It is the centerpiece of two network
- prime-time news shows: NBC's Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
- (which drew good ratings in three outings in late summer and
- will return for three more this season) and the just-introduced
- Saturday Night with Connie Chung, on which Jones appeared.
-
- As the real and only-looks-like-real are mixed with
- abandon, a viewer can get disoriented. Newscasters like Connie
- Chung and Mary Alice Williams introduce Hollywood-style
- mini-dramas one day, news stories from Warsaw and Capitol Hill
- the next. Real-life victims of brutal crimes return to the scene
- to act them out for the TV cameras. At least one actor from
- America's Most Wanted was turned in to authorities by a
- concerned viewer -- who mistook him for the fugitive he played
- in a re-enactment.
-
- The confusion is shared by TV journalists, who are trying
- to locate their ethical bearings in this brave new world. At
- one extreme are the traditionalists, who insist that a staged
- scene of any kind is inappropriate on a news program, which
- depends for its credibility on presenting the truth and nothing
- but. On the other side are a new generation of TV news
- producers, under pressure from network bosses to come up with
- programs that will draw prime-time-size audiences.
- Re-enactments, the proponents argue, if carefully used and
- clearly labeled, can help impart information and expand the
- kinds of stories TV news can do.
-
- Not all re-creations, of course, are created equal. ABC's
- World News Tonight last July aired a dramatization of alleged
- spy Felix Bloch passing a briefcase to a Soviet agent. The
- scene, visually enhanced to look like the real thing but
- inadvertently not labeled a simulation, was a mistake because
- it was misleading: it made an event that is alleged to have
- taken place appear to be a recorded fact. ABC apologized for not
- identifying the scene properly, and network newscasts have since
- steered clear of simulations.
-
- Re-creations are less likely to cause confusion the further
- one gets from hard news -- and from the present day. The old
- CBS News series You Are There used actors to dramatize
- historical events and did no permanent harm to the Republic.
- CBS's new series Rescue 911, which features re-enactments of
- hairbreadth rescue missions, is quite entertaining and probably
- harmless. In general, however, the technique's proliferation is
- fudging the line between news and entertainment, and news is the
- loser.
-
- The two new network magazine shows highlight the problem.
- Both are treading gingerly with their re-creations. At the
- opening of Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, a correspondent notes,
- "When re-creations are used, we have carefully documented every
- important detail and have clearly identified the re-creations."
- The producers of Saturday Night with Connie Chung point out that
- their re-enactments must adhere to strict CBS News standards --
- which means that all dialogue is taken from documented sources.
-
- Yet the shows are troubling. Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
- is both journalistically superfluous (the gimmick seems to be
- to repeat the words yesterday, today and tomorrow in each story
- as often as possible) and dramatically clumsy. A re-creation of
- the near crash of an American Airlines DC-10 in 1972 featured
- the original pilot and one flight attendant (now 17 years
- older) playing themselves, not very convincingly. Another story
- recounted the ordeal of a woman, nearly paralyzed with cystic
- fibrosis, who spent 16 years neglected in a mental institution.
- The piece was light on facts and heavy on sensationalism: the
- asylum scenes looked like outtakes from The Snake Pit.
-
- Saturday Night with Connie Chung is at least less tacky.
- Its story on civil rights leader Johns glided smoothly between
- interviews with real-life colleagues and re-enacted scenes from
- his life. Forthcoming episodes will use re-creations to focus
- on such issues as AIDS, abortion and capital punishment. Chung
- has asserted that her show's re-creations stand apart from those
- on other programs. "Ours," she says, "will be of motion-picture
- quality."
-
- Which is just the problem. The scenes with James Earl Jones
- were not just of motion-picture quality; they were virtually
- indistinguishable from a motion picture. TV news producers may
- well be capable of making docudramas as good as or better than
- Hollywood's; the question is whether they should. Journalists
- are in the business of conveying reality; re-enactments convert
- reality into something else -- something neater, more palatable,
- more conventionally "dramatic." Mental institutions are filled
- with raving loonies; murderers move in grainy, horrific slow
- motion; civil rights leaders look like James Earl Jones. There
- was no better drama on TV last week than the joint appearance
- on ABC's Nightline of Dr. Elizabeth Morgan and the ex-husband
- she has accused of molesting their daughter. No re-creation
- could possibly capture that. Let's hope no journalist tries.
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